Haircare — Scalp
How to get rid of dandruff — for good.
Dandruff is usually caused by a yeast called Malassezia that feeds on scalp oil. The right medicated shampoo, used correctly, clears most cases in 2–4 weeks.
6 minute read
Written and reviewed by Beauty World Editorial · Last reviewed October 2026
Causes
What causes dandruff?
Malassezia yeast
A normal scalp yeast that, in some people, triggers flaking and itch.
Oily scalp
More oil means more food for the yeast — dandruff flakes are often yellowish and greasy.
Infrequent washing
Oil and dead skin build up between washes.
Stress and cold weather
Both commonly make flare-ups worse in UK winters.
Ingredients
Best anti-dandruff shampoo ingredients
Zinc pyrithione
Antifungal, gentle enough for regular use. Found in many supermarket shampoos.
Ketoconazole 2%
The strongest over-the-counter antifungal, available at UK pharmacies. Use twice a week.
Selenium sulfide
Slows skin-cell turnover and fights yeast.
Salicylic acid
Lifts stubborn, thick flakes so other actives can work.
Routine
How to get rid of dandruff fast
1. Lather and wait
Massage medicated shampoo into the scalp, not the lengths, and leave for 3–5 minutes.
2. Use it 2–3 times a week
Alternate with a gentle shampoo on other days.
3. Rotate actives
If one stops working, switch between zinc and ketoconazole.
4. Go easy on oils
Scalp oils can feed the yeast and make dandruff worse.
Help
Dandruff or dry scalp?
Dry scalp gives small white, powdery flakes and tightness; dandruff flakes are larger, oilier and itchy. See a GP or pharmacist if your scalp is red, sore, spreading to the face or not improving after a month — it may be seborrhoeic dermatitis or psoriasis.
